📚 Class 3 Social Science – Chapter 1: Our Country India

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🔹 1. Introduction

India is a large country in South Asia. It is known for its diverse culture, languages, traditions, and history.
Knowing about India helps us understand our heritage and respect our country.

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🔹 2. Location of India

• India is located in Asia.

• It is surrounded by:

  • North: Himalaya mountains

  • West: Pakistan

  • East: Bangladesh, Myanmar

  • South: Indian Ocean

💡 Tip: India is shaped like a triangle pointing downwards.

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🔹 3. States and Union Territories

• India has 28 states and 8 union territories.

• States have their own government.

• Union territories are governed by the Central Government.

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🔹 4. Capital of India

• New Delhi is the capital of India.

• It is the seat of the government and houses important buildings like Parliament, Rashtrapati Bhavan, and India Gate.

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🔹 5. National Symbols of India

1. National Flag: Tricolour (Saffron, White, Green with Ashoka Chakra)

2. National Anthem: “Jana Gana Mana”

3. National Bird: Peacock

4. National Animal: Tiger

5. National Flower: Lotus

💡 Tip: These symbols represent the heritage, pride, and identity of India.

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🔹 6. Important Rivers of India

• Ganga: Holy river, flows in the north

• Yamuna: Tributary of Ganga

• Brahmaputra: Flows in northeast India

• Godavari, Krishna: Flow in south India

Importance of Rivers:

• Provide water for drinking, irrigation, and electricity

• Support agriculture and transport

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🔹 7. Mountains of India

• Himalayas: Tallest mountains in the north

• Vindhyas and Satpuras: Central India

• Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats: Along the coasts

Importance of Mountains:

• Protect from harsh winds

• Provide timber, fruits, and medicinal plants

• Home for many animals

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🔹 8. Climate of India

• India has different types of climates:

  1. Tropical: Hot and humid

  2. Desert: Hot and dry

  3. Mountain: Cold and snowy

Tip: Monsoon rains are important for agriculture.

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🔹 9. People and Culture

• India is diverse in languages, religions, and festivals.

• Major languages: Hindi, English, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, etc.

• Festivals: Diwali, Holi, Eid, Christmas, Baisakhi, Pongal, etc.

• Traditional clothes: Saree, Dhoti, Salwar-Kameez, Kurta

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🔹 10. Practice Questions / Revision

1️⃣ What is the capital of India?
✅ Answer: New Delhi

2️⃣ Name any two national symbols of India.
✅ Answer: Peacock (National Bird), Tiger (National Animal)

3️⃣ How many states are there in India?
✅ Answer: 28

4️⃣ Name two important rivers of India.
✅ Answer: Ganga and Yamuna

5️⃣ Name one festival celebrated in India.
✅ Answer: Diwali / Holi / Eid / Christmas

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🔹 11. Summary

• India: Large country in South Asia

• Capital: New Delhi

• States and UTs: 28 states, 8 union territories

• National Symbols: Flag, Anthem, Bird, Animal, Flower

• Rivers: Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra, Godavari, Krishna

• Mountains: Himalayas, Vindhyas, Satpuras, Ghats

• Climate: Tropical, Desert, Mountain

• People and Culture: Many languages, religions, festivals, and traditional clothes