📚 Class 3 Science – Chapter 1: Plants

---

🔹 1. Introduction

Plants are living organisms that grow in soil, water, or other places.
They are very important because they give us oxygen, food, and shelter.

💡 Fun Fact: Without plants, life on Earth would not be possible.

---

🔹 2. Parts of a Plant

A plant has three main parts:

1. Root

   • Function:

     • Absorbs water and minerals from the soil

     • Anchors the plant in the ground

   • Example: Taproot of a carrot, fibrous roots of grass

2. Stem

   • Function:

     • Supports the plant

     • Carries water and nutrients from roots to leaves

     • Carries food from leaves to other parts of the plant

   • Example: Woody stem of a tree, soft stem of a sunflower

3. Leaves

   • Function:

     • Make food through photosynthesis (using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide)

     • Help in breathing by exchanging gases

   • Example: Leaf of a mango, spinach

4. Flower

   • Function:

     • Helps in reproduction of plants

     • Attracts insects and birds for pollination

   • Example: Rose, sunflower, hibiscus

5. Fruit and Seeds

   • Function:

     • Fruits protect seeds and help in their dispersal

     • Seeds grow into new plants

   • Example: Apple (fruit), pea (seed)

---

🔹 3. Types of Plants

1. Herbs – Small plants with soft stems

   • Example: Spinach, coriander

2. Shrubs – Medium-sized plants with woody stems

   • Example: Rose, hibiscus

3. Trees – Large plants with strong woody stems

   • Example: Mango, neem

4. Climbers – Plants that climb on walls or trees

   • Example: Money plant, grapevine

5. Creepers – Plants that grow along the ground

   • Example: Pumpkin, watermelon

---

🔹 4. How Plants Grow

Plants need five things to grow:

1. Soil – Gives support and nutrients

2. Water – Helps in absorbing nutrients and photosynthesis

3. Sunlight – Provides energy for making food

4. Air – Contains carbon dioxide for photosynthesis

5. Care – Protection from pests and diseases

💡 Tip: Water plants regularly and give them enough sunlight.

---

🔹 5. Photosynthesis

• Definition: The process by which plants make their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.

• Place: Takes place in the leaves (chlorophyll helps in making food)

• Importance: Provides food for plants and oxygen for all living beings

---

🔹 6. Importance of Plants

1. Food: Fruits, vegetables, grains, and nuts

2. Oxygen: Plants release oxygen during photosynthesis

3. Shelter: Trees provide homes for birds and animals

4. Medicines: Many plants are used to prepare medicines

5. Clothes and Furniture: Cotton plants for clothes, wood from trees for furniture

---

🔹 7. Practice Questions / Revision

1️⃣ Name the main parts of a plant.
✅ Answer: Root, Stem, Leaves, Flower, Fruit/Seeds

2️⃣ Which part of the plant makes food?
✅ Answer: Leaves

3️⃣ What is photosynthesis?
✅ Answer: Process by which plants make food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide

4️⃣ Give an example of a creeper.
✅ Answer: Pumpkin or watermelon

5️⃣ Why are plants important?
✅ Answer: For food, oxygen, shelter, medicine, and clothes

---

🔹 8. Summary

• Plants: Living organisms that provide oxygen, food, and shelter

• Parts: Root, Stem, Leaves, Flower, Fruit/Seeds

• Types: Herbs, Shrubs, Trees, Climbers, Creepers

• Growth Needs: Soil, Water, Sunlight, Air, Care

• Photosynthesis: Leaves make food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide

• Importance: Food, Oxygen, Shelter, Medicine, Clothes/Furniture